[codex] reject timers promises validation errors

[andrewtdiz]

Summary

• Return rejected promises for invalid delay, options, and options.ref validation in node:timers/promises promise helpers.
• Preserve Node's setInterval() shape by returning an async iterator and rejecting the first .next() promise for validation errors.
• Extend the timers/promises parity fixture to cover invalid interval delay/options through .next().

Root Cause

Perry already built Node-shaped TypeError [ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE] values for these validators, but it threw them synchronously from the native helper before returning a promise or iterator. Node returns rejected promises for setTimeout, setImmediate, and scheduler.wait, and defers setInterval validation to the iterator's .next() promise.

Validation

• cargo build -p perry -p perry-runtime -p perry-stdlib
• cargo test -p perry-runtime timers_promises --lib
• cargo fmt --all -- --check
• git diff --check
• Node/Perry diff: test-parity/node-suite/timers/promises/delay-options-validation.ts
• Node/Perry diff: test-parity/node-suite/timers/promises/ref-option-validation.ts
• Node/Perry smoke diffs: imports.ts, scheduler-not-callable.ts, set-immediate-signal.ts

Refs #2013.

[andrewtdiz]

Validated this exact branch (993b37a6f) after comparing with the later duplicate #4354. This branch is the better one to keep because its invalid setInterval() path preserves Node's normal iterator surface and one-shot rejection behavior (next() rejects once, then returns done).

Additional validation run:

• cargo fmt --all -- --check
• git diff --check HEAD^..HEAD
• ./scripts/check_file_size.sh
• CARGO_TARGET_DIR=/root/perry-worktrees/perry-node-timers-promises-validation/target cargo check -p perry-runtime
• timers validation subset: 4 pass, 0 fail, 0 compile fail (parity_report_20260604_063703.json)
• full timers module: 90 pass, 0 fail, 0 compile fail (parity_report_20260604_063720.json)

I am closing #4354 as a duplicate in favor of this PR.