Refactor/use raise log only

[dennisbader]

Checklist before merging this PR:

• Mentioned all issues that this PR fixes or addresses.
• Summarized the updates of this PR under Summary.
• Added an entry under Unreleased in the Changelog.

Fixes #.

Summary

• Simplifies internal error handling: removed raise_if and raise_if_not in favor of raise_log, and made raise_log automatically resolve the caller's logger (no longer requires passing logger explicitly).

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 72.80899% with 121 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 95.95%. Comparing base (b0ccd3a) to head (0b1ecdc).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
darts/utils/statistics.py	61.90%	16 Missing ⚠️
...arts/models/forecasting/torch_forecasting_model.py	67.39%	15 Missing ⚠️
darts/utils/timeseries_generation.py	47.61%	11 Missing ⚠️
darts/models/forecasting/forecasting_model.py	61.90%	8 Missing ⚠️
darts/models/filtering/kalman_filter.py	53.33%	7 Missing ⚠️
darts/models/forecasting/sklearn_model.py	79.31%	6 Missing ⚠️
darts/dataprocessing/dtw/window.py	54.54%	5 Missing ⚠️
darts/explainability/explainability_result.py	66.66%	5 Missing ⚠️
darts/utils/likelihood_models/torch.py	44.44%	5 Missing ⚠️
darts/dataprocessing/dtw/dtw.py	63.63%	4 Missing ⚠️
... and 23 more

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #3126      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   96.55%   95.95%   -0.60%     
==========================================
  Files         160      160              
  Lines       17285    17367      +82     
==========================================
- Hits        16689    16664      -25     
- Misses        596      703     +107     

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