[pull] master from ruby:master

NEWS.md

@@ -11,6 +11,15 @@ Note that each entry is kept to a minimum, see links for details.
 
 Note: We're only listing outstanding class updates.
 
+* Kernel
+
+    * `Kernel#autoload_relative` and `Module#autoload_relative` are added.
+      These methods work like `autoload`, but resolve the file path relative
+      to the file where the method is called, similar to `require_relative`.
+      This makes it easier to autoload constants from files in the same
+      directory without hardcoding absolute paths or manipulating `$LOAD_PATH`.
+      [[Feature #15330]]
+
 * Method
 
     * `Method#source_location`, `Proc#source_location`, and
@@ -19,6 +28,8 @@ Note: We're only listing outstanding class updates.
       end_line, end_column]`. The previous 2-element format `[path,
       line]` can still be obtained by calling `.take(2)` on the result.
       [[Feature #6012]]
+    * `Array#pack` accepts a new format `R` and `r` for unpacking unsigned
+      and signed LEB128 encoded integers. [[Feature #21785]]
 
 * Set
 
@@ -90,4 +101,6 @@ A lot of work has gone into making Ractors more stable, performant, and usable.
 ## JIT
 
 [Feature #6012]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/6012
+[Feature #15330]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/15330
 [Feature #21390]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21390
+[Feature #21785]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21785

doc/language/packed_data.rdoc

@@ -53,6 +53,8 @@ These tables summarize the directives for packing and unpacking.
 
   U             | UTF-8 character
   w             | BER-compressed integer
+  R             | LEB128 encoded unsigned integer
+  r             | LEB128 encoded signed integer
 
 === For Floats
 
@@ -98,6 +100,7 @@ These tables summarize the directives for packing and unpacking.
   @         | skip to the offset given by the length argument
   X         | skip backward one byte
   x         | skip forward one byte
+  ^         | return the current offset
 
 == Packing and Unpacking
 
@@ -720,3 +723,7 @@ for one byte in the input or output string.
     "\x00\x00\x02".unpack("CxC") # => [0, 2]
     "\x00\x00\x02".unpack("x3C") # => [nil]
     "\x00\x00\x02".unpack("x4C") # Raises ArgumentError
+
+- <tt>'^'</tt> - Only for unpacking; the current position:
+
+    "foo\0\0\0".unpack("Z*C")    # => ["foo", 6]