Merovingian

He was an exiled program within the Matrix who figuratively appeared as one of the kingpin figures.

Choice is an illusion created between those with power and those without.

-- The Merovingian

The project demonstrates using various containers for SQL and NoSQL databases from within and outside Docker.

All are configured to be accessible via the windows command line and store their data in a data subfolder.

Although not tested, the project should also work as-is on a UNIX platform with docker installed or using the docker-compose module for Podman.

Docker and Docker Compose

For the Impatient, TLDR;

PS1> docker volume create dbgate-data 

PS1> docker compose up -d
PS1> docker ps --format '{{.Names}}\t{{.ID}}\t{{.Image}}'
postgres        cbf27b757154    postgres:latest
mariadb 4a99944e6574    mariadb:latest
alpine  8a03414d413b    merovingian-alpine
mongodb bb5d5857eb78    mongo
valkey  bb8163502e5d    merovingian-valkey
mongo-express   a77d231c2bf0    mongo-express
adminerevo      748112fa6cdb    ghcr.io/shyim/adminerevo:latest
dbgate  0588e3cc9e01    dbgate/dbgate:alpine

PS1> $ docker container ls --format '{{.Names}}\t{{.ID}}\t{{.Image}}'

For containers based on Alpine Linux, there is no bash so use ash

PS1> docker exec -it postgres /bin/bash
PS1> docker exec -it mariadb /bin/bash
PS1> docker exec -it alpine /bin/ash
PS1> docker exec -it mongodb mongosh
PS1> docker exec -it valkey /bin/ash

Database Management Web Interfaces

PS1> start http://localhost:8080 # adminerevo
PS1> start http://localhost:8081 # mongo-express
PS1> start http://localhost:3000 # dbgate

Shutdown Merovingian containers

PS1> docker compose down

Clean up if finished with the project

PS1> docker compose down

# Clean-up images
PS1> docker image rm mariadb:latest
PS1> docker image rm merovingian-alpine
PS1> docker image rm mongo
PS1> docker image rm merovingian-valkey
PS1> docker image rm mongo-express
PS1> docker image rm ghcr.io/shyim/adminerevo:latest
PS1> docker image rm dbgate/dbgate:alpine

# Optionally prune danglining images  
PS1>  docker image prune
WARNING! This will remove all dangling images.
Are you sure you want to continue? [y/N] y

# Remove DBgate volume
PS1> docker volume rm dbgate-data

SQL and NoSQL Databases

Valkey

It is a port of 'redis', so 'redis' tutorials should be usable.

Redis Tutorial

Reference documentation

Use docker compose to start, stop the container.

valkey service builds the container, copying a configuration template, into /usr/local
valkey-vanilla, which is commented-out, deploys the one from DockerHub, with a default configuration

Both mount valkey\data so the files are stored locally on Windows

Like the other containers it is configured on dev_net to isolate it from any other containers.

# Start the container
PS1> docker compose up -d valkey

# Login to container
PS1> docker exec -it valkey sh         # interactive UNIX Shell

# Start the valkey-cli
PS1> docker exec -it valkey valkey-cli # valkey-cli
127.0.0.1:6379> SET mynumber 42
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> GET mynumber
"42"
127.0.0.1:6379> TYPE mynumber
string
127.0.0.1:6379> OBJECT ENCODING mynumber
"int"
127.0.0.1:6379> INCR mynumber
(integer) 43
127.0.0.1:6379> DECR mynumber
(integer) 42
127.0.0.1:6379> exit

# Checking for protected mode
PS1> docker exec -it valkey valkey-cli
127.0.0.1:6379> config get *protect*
1) "protected-mode"
2) "no"
3) "enable-protected-configs"
4) "no"
127.0.0.1:6379> config get *bind*
1) "bind"
2) "* -::*"
3) "bind-source-addr"
4) ""
127.0.0.1:6379> exit

PS1> docker compose down valkey

MariaDB

The MariaDB root password is admin, set in the compose.yaml file.

PS1> docker exec -it mariadb bash
# mariadb -u root -p
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.013 sec)
MariaDB [mysql]> use mysql;
MariaDB [mysql]> select host,user,password_expired from user limit 6;
+-----------+-------------+------------------+
| Host      | User        | password_expired |
+-----------+-------------+------------------+
| localhost | mariadb.sys | Y                |
| localhost | root        | N                |
| %         | root        | N                |
| 127.0.0.1 | healthcheck | N                |
| ::1       | healthcheck | N                |
| localhost | healthcheck | N                |
+-----------+-------------+------------------+
6 rows in set (0.001 sec)
MariaDB [mysql]> exit;
root@3f69733aef31:/# exit

NOTE: SQLAlchemy distinguishes between MySQL and MariaDB.

Example of how to create a user, set a password and grant access to the database test.

PS1> docker exec -it mariadb bash
root@3f69733aef31:/# mariadb -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 4
Server version: 11.6.2-MariaDB-ubu2404 mariadb.org binary distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE test;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.007 sec)

# Need all IP's hence '%' (Docker Network is 192.168.65.0/24)
MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE USER 'user'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.004 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON test.* TO 'user'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.004 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW GRANTS FOR 'user'@'%'; 
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for user@localhost                                                                                   |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO `user`@`localhost` IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*2470C0C06DEE42FD1618BB99005ADCA2EC9D1E19' |
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `test`.* TO `user`@`localhost`                                                      |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.000 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> exit
Bye
root@3f69733aef31:/# mariadb -u user -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 5
Server version: 11.6.2-MariaDB-ubu2404 mariadb.org binary distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> use test
Database changed
MariaDB [test]> show tables;
Empty set (0.004 sec)

MariaDB [test]> exit

There is a test script in the src folder called mariadb-test.py

PostgreSQL

The Python versions of psycopg2 and psycopg2-binary DO NOT install on Windows.

The pure python driver pg8000 works with Python on Windows.

Use docker compose (up -d|stop) postgres to start, stop the container.

Like the other containers it is configured on dev_net to isolate it from any other containers.

PS1> docker compose up -d postgres

## Login to container and Test `psql` interface:
PS1> docker exec -it postgres sh
#
# psql -U admin -W postgres
Password:
psql (17.2 (Debian 17.2-1.pgdg120+1))
Type "help" for help.

postgres=# select version();
                                                       version
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 PostgreSQL 17.2 (Debian 17.2-1.pgdg120+1) on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Debian 12.2.0-14) 12.2.0, 64-bit
(1 row)

postgres=# \l
                                                 List of databases
   Name    | Owner | Encoding | Locale Provider |  Collate   |   Ctype    | Locale | ICU Rules | Access privileges
-----------+-------+----------+-----------------+------------+------------+--------+-----------+-------------------
 postgres  | admin | UTF8     | libc            | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 |        |           |
 template0 | admin | UTF8     | libc            | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 |        |           | =c/admin         +
           |       |          |                 |            |            |        |           | admin=CTc/admin
 template1 | admin | UTF8     | libc            | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 |        |           | =c/admin         +
           |       |          |                 |            |            |        |           | admin=CTc/admin
(3 rows)

postgres=# CREATE DATABASE test;
CREATE DATABASE
postgres=# \l
                                                 List of databases
   Name    | Owner | Encoding | Locale Provider |  Collate   |   Ctype    | Locale | ICU Rules | Access privileges
-----------+-------+----------+-----------------+------------+------------+--------+-----------+-------------------
 postgres  | admin | UTF8     | libc            | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 |        |           |
 template0 | admin | UTF8     | libc            | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 |        |           | =c/admin         +
           |       |          |                 |            |            |        |           | admin=CTc/admin
 template1 | admin | UTF8     | libc            | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 |        |           | =c/admin         +
           |       |          |                 |            |            |        |           | admin=CTc/admin
 test      | admin | UTF8     | libc            | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 |        |           |
(4 rows)

Create example database using either the localhost or from the alpine container.

PS1> cd src
PS1> .\venv\Scripts\activate
PS1> python .\postgres-test.py
Author: Ashley
PS1>

# Alpine Container
PS1> docker exec -it alpine /bin/ash
~ $ cd repo
~/repo $ python postgres-test.py
Author: Ashley
~/repo $ exit
PS1>

PS1> docker exec it posgres sh
#  psql -U admin -W test

test=# \dt
        List of relations
 Schema |  Name   | Type  | Owner
--------+---------+-------+-------
 public | example | table | admin
(1 row)

test=# \d example
                                   Table "public.example"
 Column |         Type          | Collation | Nullable |               Default
--------+-----------------------+-----------+----------+-------------------------------------
 id     | integer               |           | not null | nextval('example_id_seq'::regclass)
 name   | character varying(20) |           | not null |
Indexes:
    "example_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id)

test=# select * from example;
 id |   name
----+-----------
  1 | Ashley
  2 | Barry
  3 | Christina
(3 rows)
    
test=# exit
# exit
PS1> docker compose down postgres

There is a test script in the src folder called postgres-test.py

MongoDB

Use docker compose to start, stop the container.

Like the other containers it is configured on dev_net to isolate it from any other containers.

Like the other databases, User admin, with Password admin

PS1> docker compose up -d mongodb
PS1> docker exec -it mongodb sh      # Interactive Shell
PS1> docker exec -it mongodb bash    # Interactive Bash Shell
PS1> docker exec -it mongodb mongosh # Mongosh
docker exec -it mongodb mongosh
Current Mongosh Log ID: 67585e6ed11efa7bb4e94969
Connecting to:          mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017/?directConnection=true&serverSelectionTimeoutMS=2000&appName=mongosh+2.3.4
Using MongoDB:          8.0.3
Using Mongosh:          2.3.4

For mongosh info see: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/mongodb-shell/

test> db
test
test> exit
PS1> docker compose down mongodb

Warning

For MongoDB to search the data folder, it will create an automatic docker volume into which it mounts Windows mongodb\data folder.

The docker volume is not removed when the service is stopped, so periodically run docker volume prune to remove any unused docker volumes.

There is a test script in the src folder called mongodb-test.py

Database Administration tools

AdminerEvo

AdminerEvo is a fork of Adminer, but it's better maintained and has more features.

It's a full-featured database management tool written in PHP, which supports

MySQL, MariaDB, PostgreSQL, SQLite, MS SQL, Oracle, Elasticsearch and MongoDB.

Useful references

Adminerevo is normally installed alongside the database in the same container but here it uses a standalone container.

Note: MongoDB was not working when this documentation as written.

PS1> docker compose up -d adminrevo
PS1> start "http://127.0.1.1:8080"
PS1> docker compose down adminrevo

The WebUI Login details are as follows:

System	Server	Username	Password	Database
MySQL	mariadb	user	password
PostgreSQL	postgres	admin	admin

DbGate

A sophisticated WebUI for managing the databases, see the compose.yaml for the configuration details.

Like the other databases, User admin, with Password admin

Unlike other containers DbGate is not configured to store its data on the local system but in a docker volume, so this must be created before trying to start the dbgate service.

PS1> docker volume create dbgate-data 
PS1> docker volume ls
DRIVER    VOLUME NAME
local     64ade407fdcd1a212cdc45be88912b3b7bd568cf37b4ffc97ef556043461a818
local     295a1fe10ebb426f70b1f00eac472897c7482bed9bce4df2842ef2956cf07ba3
local     756c8b618be37350b915d98fe9e14b83e26df32b34d99eee2b189b17747ddd1c
local     dbgate-data

To start and stop the service.

PS1> docker compose up -d dbgate

# Open from Docker-Desktop or
PS1> start "http://localhost:3000"

PS1> docker compose down dbgate

When the dbgate service is no longer required do not forget to delete the docker volume

PS1> docker volume rm dbgate-data

Mongo-Express

mongo-express is a web-based MongoDB admin interface written in Node.js, Express.js, and Bootstrap3.

Useful references

Security Notice

JSON documents are parsed through a javascript virtual machine, so the web interface can be used for executing malicious javascript on a server.

mongo-express should only be used privately for development purposes.

PS1> docker compose up -d mongo-express
PS1> start "http://127.0.1.1:8081"
PS1> docker compose down mongo-express

Interaction and Testing

SRC

Some simple example programs that work from your local system. The docker containers need to be running and are accessed via localhost

A virtual environment should be created.

PS1> docker compose up -d
PS1> python -m venv venv
PS1> venv\Scripts\activate
(venv)> python -m pip install --upgrade pip
(venv)> pip install -r requirements.txt --upgrade
(venv)> python <test-program>.py
(venv)> deactivate
PS1> docker compose down
PS1>

Program	Description
format-dates.py	Date formatting example
odd-numbers.py	Print odd number in range
valkey-test.py	Simple Valkey example
valkey-example.py	Valkey Interactive examples
mariadb-test.py	Simple MariaDB example
postgres-test.py	Simple PostgreSQL example
mongodb-test.py	Simple MongoDB example

Alpine

Is an example development container, based on the official python-alpine container.

Please see README.md in the alpine folder for specifics.

It communicates with the other containers over the Docker dev_net network.

The local alpine\repo folder is mounted in a devel account and provides access to run the source code.

PS1> docker compose up -d dbgate
PS1> docker exec -it alpine ash
PS1> docker compose down alpine

The same examples as the src folder but using the docker service names, rather than localhost to create the connection.

Program	Description
format-dates.py	Date formatting example
odd-numbers.py	Print odd number in range
valkey-test.py	Simple Valkey example
valkey-example.py	Valkey Interactive examples
mariadb-test.py	Simple MariaDB example
postgres-test.py	Simple PostgreSQL example
mongodb-test.py	Simple MongoDB example

The source code is best edited on your local system.

Your local system is probably not Linux, so be aware of "Windows/MacOS Unix line ending madness when using GIT on Windows"

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Merovingian

Docker and Docker Compose

For the Impatient, TLDR;

SQL and NoSQL Databases

Valkey

MariaDB

PostgreSQL

MongoDB

Database Administration tools

AdminerEvo

DbGate

Mongo-Express

Interaction and Testing

SRC

Alpine

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Name		Name	Last commit message	Last commit date
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alpine		alpine
mariadb		mariadb
mongodb		mongodb
postgres		postgres
src		src
valkey		valkey
.gitignore		.gitignore
LICENSE		LICENSE
README.md		README.md
compose.yaml		compose.yaml
requirements.txt		requirements.txt

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Merovingian

Docker and Docker Compose

For the Impatient, TLDR;

SQL and NoSQL Databases

Valkey

MariaDB

PostgreSQL

MongoDB

Database Administration tools

AdminerEvo

DbGate

Mongo-Express

Interaction and Testing

SRC

Alpine

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