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12 changes: 6 additions & 6 deletions Arrays/README.md
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Expand Up @@ -4,10 +4,10 @@ This directory contains Python implementations of common array-based algorithms

## Contents

- [Anagram Check (Sorted Solution)](Anagram_Check_Sorted_Sol.py): Checks if two strings are anagrams by comparing their sorted versions.
- [Anagram Check (Manual Solution)](Anagram_Check_manual_Sol.py): Checks if two strings are anagrams using a hash table (dictionary) to count character frequencies.
- [Array Find Missing Element (XOR Solution)](ArrayFindTheMissingElement_XOR_sol.py): Efficiently finds a missing element in a shuffled array using bitwise XOR.
- [Array Find Missing Element (Brute Force Solution)](ArrayFindTheMissingElement_brute_force_sol.py): Finds a missing element by sorting both arrays and comparing them.
- [Array Find Missing Element (Hash Table Solution)](ArrayFindTheMissingElement_hash_table_sol.py): Finds a missing element using a hash table (dictionary) to track element counts.
- [Array Find Missing Element (Sum/Subtract Solution)](ArrayFindTheMissingElement_takingSumandSubtract_sol.py): Finds a missing element by calculating the difference between the sums of the two arrays.
- [Anagram Check (Sorted Solution)](AnagramCheckSortedSol.py): Checks if two strings are anagrams by comparing their sorted versions.
- [Anagram Check (Manual Solution)](AnagramCheckManualSol.py): Checks if two strings are anagrams using a hash table (dictionary) to count character frequencies.
- [Array Find Missing Element (XOR Solution)](ArrayFindTheMissingElementXORSol.py): Efficiently finds a missing element in a shuffled array using bitwise XOR.
- [Array Find Missing Element (Brute Force Solution)](ArrayFindTheMissingElementBruteForceSol.py): Finds a missing element by sorting both arrays and comparing them.
- [Array Find Missing Element (Hash Table Solution)](ArrayFindTheMissingElementHashTableSol.py): Finds a missing element using a hash table (dictionary) to track element counts.
- [Array Find Missing Element (Sum/Subtract Solution)](ArrayFindTheMissingElementSumSol.py): Finds a missing element by calculating the difference between the sums of the two arrays.
- [Array Pair Sum Solution](ArrayPairSumSol.py): Finds all unique pairs in an array that sum up to a specific value $k$ using a set for $O(n)$ complexity.
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2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion deque/README.md → Deque/README.md
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Expand Up @@ -4,4 +4,4 @@ This directory contains Python implementations of the Deque (Double-Ended Queue)

## Contents

- [Deque Implementation](DequeImple.py): Basic implementation of a Deque using a Python list. Includes operations like `addFront`, `addRear`, `removeFront`, `removeRear`, `isEmpty`, and `size`.
- [Deque Implementation](DequeImple.py): Basic implementation of a Deque using a Python list. Includes operations like `addFront`, `addRear`, `removeFront`, `removeRear`, `isEmpty`, and `size`. Time complexity is $O(1)$ for `addFront` and `removeFront`, but $O(n)$ for `addRear` and `removeRear` due to list shifting.
7 changes: 0 additions & 7 deletions Error-debug/README.md

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7 changes: 7 additions & 0 deletions ErrorHandling/README.md
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# Error Handling & Debugging

This directory contains examples of error handling and debugging in Python.

## Contents

- [Error and Exceptions](ErrorExceptions.py): Demonstrates `try`, `except`, `else`, and `finally` blocks for robust error handling.
42 changes: 21 additions & 21 deletions README.md
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Expand Up @@ -35,20 +35,20 @@ See [CONTRIBUTING.md](CONTRIBUTING.md) for more details.

## 📖 Table of Contents

- [Getting Started](#getting-started)
- [🚀 Getting Started](#-getting-started)
- [Project Structure](#project-structure)
- [Data Structures](#data-structures)
- [Arrays](#arrays)
- [Linked Lists](#linked-lists)
- [Stacks](#stacks)
- [Queues](#queues)
- [Deque](#deque)
- [Trees](#trees)
- [Arrays 🔤](#arrays-)
- [Linked Lists 🔗](#linked-lists-)
- [Stacks 📚](#stacks-)
- [Queues 📦](#queues-)
- [Deque 🔄](#deque-)
- [Trees 🌳](#trees-)
- [Algorithms](#algorithms)
- [Sorting](#sorting)
- [Recursion & Dynamic Programming](#recursion--dynamic-programming)
- [Graph Algorithms](#graph-algorithms)
- [Error Handling & Debugging](#error-handling--debugging)
- [Sorting 📊](#sorting-)
- [Recursion & Dynamic Programming 🔀](#recursion--dynamic-programming-)
- [Graph Algorithms 🗺️](#graph-algorithms-)
- [⚠️ Error Handling & Debugging](#-error-handling--debugging)
- [Usage](#usage)
- [Quick Reference](#quick-reference)
- [License](#license)
Expand All @@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ Most scripts in this repository are standalone and can be executed directly:

```bash
# Run any Python script
python3 Arrays/Anagram_Check_Sorted_Sol.py
python3 Arrays/AnagramCheckSortedSol.py

# Or run from the repo root
python3 Sorting/BubbleSortImple.py
Expand All @@ -80,15 +80,15 @@ python3 Sorting/BubbleSortImple.py
```
.
├── Arrays/ # 🔤 Array-based problems and algorithms
├── Error-debug/ # ⚠️ Error handling and debugging examples
├── Deque/ # 🔄 Double-ended queue
├── ErrorHandling/ # ⚠️ Error handling and debugging examples
├── GraphAlgorithms/ # 🗺️ Graph traversal (BFS, DFS) and pathfinding
├── LinkedLists/ # 🔗 Singly and Doubly Linked Lists
├── Queues/ # 📦 Queue implementations (FIFO)
├── Recursion/ # 🔀 Recursive problems and Dynamic Programming
├── Sorting/ # 📊 Common sorting algorithms
├── Stacks/ # 📚 Stack implementations and applications
├── Trees/ # 🌳 Binary Trees, BSTs, Heaps, and Traversals
├── deque/ # 🔄 Double-ended queue
├── CONTRIBUTING.md # 🤝 Contribution guidelines
├── LICENSE # 📄 MIT License
└── README.md # 📖 This file
Expand All @@ -100,9 +100,9 @@ python3 Sorting/BubbleSortImple.py

### Arrays 🔤
Common array-based algorithms and manipulations.
- [Anagram Check](Arrays/): [Sorted](Arrays/Anagram_Check_Sorted_Sol.py) & [Manual](Arrays/Anagram_Check_manual_Sol.py) solutions
- [Anagram Check](Arrays/): [Sorted](Arrays/AnagramCheckSortedSol.py) & [Manual](Arrays/AnagramCheckManualSol.py) solutions
- [Array Pair Sum](Arrays/ArrayPairSumSol.py): Find pairs that sum to $k$
- [Find Missing Element](Arrays/): [XOR](Arrays/ArrayFindTheMissingElement_XOR_sol.py), [Brute Force](Arrays/ArrayFindTheMissingElement_brute_force_sol.py), [Hash Table](Arrays/ArrayFindTheMissingElement_hash_table_sol.py), & [Sum](Arrays/ArrayFindTheMissingElement_takingSumandSubtract_sol.py) approaches
- [Find Missing Element](Arrays/): [XOR](Arrays/ArrayFindTheMissingElementXORSol.py), [Brute Force](Arrays/ArrayFindTheMissingElementBruteForceSol.py), [Hash Table](Arrays/ArrayFindTheMissingElementHashTableSol.py), & [Sum](Arrays/ArrayFindTheMissingElementSumSol.py) approaches

### Linked Lists 🔗
Implementations and problems involving linked structures.
Expand All @@ -123,17 +123,17 @@ FIFO (First-In-First-Out) data structures.

### Deque 🔄
Double-ended queue operations.
- [Deque Implementation](deque/DequeImple.py): Operations at both ends
- [Deque Implementation](Deque/DequeImple.py): Operations at both ends

### Trees 🌳
Hierarchical data structures.
- [Binary Search Tree](Trees/BinarySearchTreesImple.py): Complete BST implementation
- [Binary Search Tree](Trees/BinarySearchTreesImple.py): Complete BST implementation (Average: $O(\log n)$, Worst: $O(n)$)
- [BST Validation](Trees/): [Solution 1 (In-order)](Trees/BinarySearchTreeCheckImpleSol1.py) & [Solution 2 (Range check)](Trees/BinarySearchTreeCheckImpleSol2.py)
- [Binary Search](Trees/): [Iterative](Trees/BinarySearchImple.py) & [Recursive](Trees/BinarySearchRecursiveImple.py)
- [Binary Heap](Trees/BinaryHeapImple.py): Min-heap implementation
- [Tree Traversals](Trees/TreeLevelOrderPrintImple.py): Level order (BFS) printing
- [Trim BST](Trees/TrimBinarySearchTreeImple.py): Keep nodes within a range
- [Tree Representations](Trees/): [Nodes & References](Trees/TreeRepresentationWithNodesReferences.py) & [List of Lists](Trees/buildTreeTest.py)
- [Tree Representations](Trees/): [Nodes & References](Trees/TreeRepresentationWithNodesReferences.py) & [List of Lists](Trees/BuildTreeTest.py)

---

Expand All @@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ Algorithms for arranging elements in order.
- [Bubble Sort](Sorting/BubbleSortImple.py) - $O(n^2)$
- [Selection Sort](Sorting/SelectionSortImple.py) - $O(n^2)$
- [Insertion Sort](Sorting/InsertionSortImple.py) - $O(n^2)$
- [Shell Sort](Sorting/ShellSortImple.py) - $O(n \log n)$
- [Shell Sort](Sorting/ShellSortImple.py) - $O(n^2)$
- [Merge Sort](Sorting/MergeSortImple.py) - $O(n \log n)$
- [Quick Sort](Sorting/QuickSortImple.py) - $O(n \log n)$ average

Expand All @@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ Algorithms for graph traversal and pathfinding.

## ⚠️ Error Handling & Debugging

- [Error and Exceptions](Error-debug/ErrorExceptions.py): Demonstrates `try`, `except`, `else`, and `finally` blocks for robust error handling.
- [Error and Exceptions](ErrorHandling/ErrorExceptions.py): Demonstrates `try`, `except`, `else`, and `finally` blocks for robust error handling.

---

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29 changes: 11 additions & 18 deletions Trees/README.md
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# Trees

This directory contains Python implementations of various tree-based data structures and algorithms.
This directory contains Python implementations of tree-based data structures and algorithms.

## Contents

### Binary Search Trees (BST)
- [Binary Search Tree Implementation](BinarySearchTreesImple.py): A comprehensive implementation of a BST with `TreeNode` and `BinarySearchTree` classes, including insertion, deletion, and search.
- [Validate BST (Solution 1)](BinarySearchTreeCheckImpleSol1.py): Validates a BST by performing an in-order traversal and checking if the resulting values are sorted.
- [Validate BST (Solution 2)](BinarySearchTreeCheckImpleSol2.py): Validates a BST by keeping track of the minimum and maximum allowable values for each node.
- [Trim a BST](TrimBinarySearchTreeImple.py): Trims a BST so that all node values fall within a specified range $[min, max]$.

### Search Algorithms
- [Binary Search (Iterative)](BinarySearchImple.py): Iterative implementation of the binary search algorithm on a sorted list.
- [Binary Search (Recursive)](BinarySearchRecursiveImple.py): Recursive implementation of the binary search algorithm.

### Heaps
- [Binary Heap Implementation](BinaryHeapImple.py): Implements a min-heap using a recursive approach, including `insert`, `delMin`, and `buildHeap`.

### Tree Representations & Traversals
- [Nodes and References Representation](TreeRepresentationWithNodesReferences.py): A simple implementation of a binary tree using a class-based nodes and references approach.
- [List of Lists Representation](buildTreeTest.py): Demonstrates building and manipulating a tree using a "list of lists" approach.
- [Tree Level Order Print](TreeLevelOrderPrintImple.py): Prints a binary tree in level order (breadth-first) using a queue, with each level on a new line.
- [Binary Search Tree Implementation](BinarySearchTreesImple.py): Complete BST implementation with search, insert, and delete operations. Average time complexity: $O(\log n)$, Worst case: $O(n)$.
- [BST Validation (In-order)](BinarySearchTreeCheckImpleSol1.py): Validates if a binary tree is a BST using in-order traversal.
- [BST Validation (Range check)](BinarySearchTreeCheckImpleSol2.py): Validates if a binary tree is a BST by checking if each node falls within a valid range.
- [Binary Search (Iterative)](BinarySearchImple.py): Iterative implementation of the binary search algorithm with $O(\log n)$ complexity.
- [Binary Search (Recursive)](BinarySearchRecursiveImple.py): Recursive implementation of the binary search algorithm with $O(\log n)$ complexity.
- [Binary Heap Implementation](BinaryHeapImple.py): Min-heap implementation with `insert`, `delMin`, and `buildHeap` operations.
- [Tree Level Order Print](TreeLevelOrderPrintImple.py): Implementation of level order traversal (BFS) for binary trees.
- [Trim a Binary Search Tree](TrimBinarySearchTreeImple.py): Trims a BST so that all its elements are within a given range $[L, R]$.
- [Tree Representation (Nodes & References)](TreeRepresentationWithNodesReferences.py): Basic tree representation using nodes and references.
- [Tree Representation (List of Lists)](BuildTreeTest.py): Tree representation using a list of lists approach.