Update Node.js version, dependencies, and improve code clarity

[mbedded]

What does this implement/fix?

This pull request introduces the following changes:

• Changelog Updates: Added details about new changes, including dependency updates and artifact attestation.
• CI Improvements: Upgraded Node.js to v22, included an artifact attestation step, and modified workflow permissions for better security.
• Documentation Enhancements: Updated the README title to align with the plugin name.
• Dependency Upgrades: Updated dependencies in package-lock.json to their latest versions and replaced builtin-modules with the native builtinModules from node:module.
• Code Refactorings:
  • Switched from localStorage language retrieval to using getLanguage from the Obsidian API.
  • Renamed event parameter to _event to explicitly signify it's unused.

Checklist:

• All CI checks pass.
• Unit tests updated or added.
• Documentation updated if necessary.