OpenWrt for NapiLab Napi family

Production-ready OpenWrt builds for NapiLab Napi industrial IoT gateways based on Rockchip SoCs.

This repository contains all customizations needed to turn a vanilla OpenWrt snapshot into a fully functional industrial Modbus TCP gateway with a polished web interface.

Downloads

Pre-built firmware images:

Platform	Download
Napi-C / Napi-P / Napi-Slot (RK3308)	download.napilinux.ru/linuximg/napic/openwrt/
Napi 2 (RK3568)	download.napilinux.ru/linuximg/napi2/openwrt/

Supported hardware

RK3308 platform (Napi-C / Napi-P / Napi-Slot)

Board	SoC	RAM	Storage	Ethernet	Docs
NapiLab Napi-C	RK3308	256/512MB	4GB NAND - 32GB eMMC	100Mbps	Industrial SBC
NapiLab Napi-P	RK3308	256/512MB	4GB NAND - 32GB eMMC	100Mbps	Industrial SBC
NapiLab Napi-Slot	RK3308	256/512MB	4GB NAND - 32GB eMMC	100Mbps	SOM

RK3568 platform (Napi 2)

Board	SoC	RAM	Storage	Ethernet	Docs
NapiLab Napi 2	RK3568	4GB DDR4	32GB eMMC + SD	2x Gigabit	Industrial gateway

Board documentation, schematics, and design files: napilab/napi-boards

Platform comparison

Feature	Napi-C (RK3308)	Napi 2 (RK3568)
CPU	Cortex-A35 x 4, 1.3GHz	Cortex-A55 x 4, 2.0GHz
RAM	256/512MB DDR3	4GB DDR4
Ethernet	1x 100Mbps + USB Ethernet (optional)	2x Gigabit (LAN + WAN)
USB	2x USB 2.0 + USB OTG (host mode)	USB 2.0 + USB 3.0 OTG
RS-485	UART1 (`/dev/ttyS1`)	UART7 (`/dev/ttyS7`), hardware RTS
CAN	-	CAN 2.0
RTC	-	DS1338 on I2C5
EEPROM	-	CAT24AA02 (256 bytes) on I2C5
HDMI	-	HDMI 2.0 with framebuffer console
I2C	-	I2C4, I2C5
Additional UART	UART2, UART3, UART4	UART3, UART4, UART5 (PLD)
Wi-Fi	RTL8723DS (802.11b/g/n)	-
NAT / Routing	Full router when USB Ethernet present	Full router (LAN + WAN + NAT)
Console	Serial ttyS0, 1500000 baud	Serial ttyS2 + HDMI tty1
MAC address	From RK3308 OTP	From eMMC CID

What's inside

U-Boot

Platform	U-Boot source
RK3308 (Napi-C)	Custom `napic-rk3308_defconfig` based on Radxa ROCK Pi S
RK3568 (Napi 2)	NanoPi R5S defconfig (same RK3568 SoC)

Device Trees

Platform	DTS file	Based on
RK3308	`rk3308-napi-c.dts`	Radxa ROCK Pi S
RK3568	`rk3568-napi2-rk3568.dts`	Custom, Armbian-derived

Stable MAC address

RK3308 - generated from OTP data:

MAC=$(cat /sys/bus/nvmem/devices/rockchip-otp0/nvmem | md5sum | \
  sed 's/\(..\)\(..\)\(..\)\(..\)\(..\)\(..\).*/02:\1:\2:\3:\4:\5/')

RK3568 - generated from eMMC CID (OTP not available):

CID=$(cat /sys/class/block/mmcblk0/device/cid)
MAC=$(echo "$CID" | md5sum | sed 's/\(..\)\(..\)\(..\)\(..\)\(..\)\(..\).*/02:\1:\2:\3:\4:\5/')
WAN_MAC=$(echo "${CID}wan" | md5sum | sed 's/\(..\)\(..\)\(..\)\(..\)\(..\)\(..\).*/02:\1:\2:\3:\4:\5/')

Network configuration

Platform	LAN	WAN	Mode
RK3308 (1 NIC)	eth0 (DHCP)	-	Single interface
RK3308 (2 NICs)	eth0 (192.168.1.1, static)	eth1 / USB Ethernet (DHCP)	Full router with NAT
RK3308 (3+ NICs)	br-lan: eth0 + eth2+ (192.168.1.1)	eth1 / USB Ethernet (DHCP)	Router with bridged LAN
RK3568	eth0 (192.168.1.1, static)	eth1 (DHCP)	Full router with NAT

USB OTG support (RK3308)

The DWC2 USB OTG controller is configured in host mode (dr_mode = "host" in DTS). This enables USB devices on the OTG port, including USB-Ethernet adapters (SMSC LAN9500/LAN9500A).

Required kernel modules: kmod-usb-dwc2, kmod-usb-net-smsc95xx, kmod-usb-gadget, kmod-lib-crc16, kmod-net-selftests, kmod-phy-smsc.

HDMI console (Napi 2 only)

Napi 2 supports HDMI output with framebuffer console - kernel log and login prompt are displayed on an HDMI monitor. USB keyboard is supported for local access.

Kernel boot log is sent to both serial and HDMI simultaneously via custom bootscript (console=tty1 console=ttyS2,1500000).

DRM Rockchip VOP2 driver is built into the kernel with the following options:

DRM_ROCKCHIP=y, ROCKCHIP_VOP2=y, ROCKCHIP_DW_HDMI=y
FRAMEBUFFER_CONSOLE=y, VT=y

First-boot configuration (uci-defaults)

Script	RK3308	RK3568	Purpose
`70-rootpt-resize`	✓	✓	Resize root partition to fill storage (reboot)
`80-rootfs-resize`	✓	✓	Expand filesystem after partition resize (reboot)
`91-bash`	✓	✓	Set bash as default shell for root
`92-timezone`	✓	✓	Set timezone to MSK-3
`93-console-password`	✓	✓	Enable password prompt on serial console
`94-macaddr`	OTP	eMMC CID	Generate stable MAC (LAN + WAN on RK3568)
`95-network`	auto-detect	eth0 LAN + eth1 WAN	Network configuration
`96-hostname`	`napiwrt`	`napi2wrt`	Set hostname
`97-luci-theme`	✓	✓	Set LuCI theme to openwrt-2020
`98-firewall-wan`	✓	-	Enable masq + allow SSH/HTTP/HTTPS on WAN
`99-dhcp`	✓	-	Disable DHCP server if single NIC

RK3308 network auto-detection (95-network):

1 NIC (eth0 only): DHCP client, no DHCP server
2 NICs (eth0 + eth1): eth0 = LAN (192.168.1.1), eth1 = WAN (DHCP), NAT enabled
3+ NICs: eth0 + eth2+ bridged into br-lan, eth1 = WAN

Login banner and system info

Custom banner with dynamic network information displayed at login via /etc/profile.d/10-sysinfo.sh:

  _   _             _ _    _    _ _____  _______
 | \ | |           (_) |  | |  | |  __ \|__   __|
 |  \| | __ _ _ __  _| |  | |  | | |__) |  | |
 | . ` |/ _` | '_ \| | |  | |  | |  _  /   | |
 | |\  | (_| | |_) | | |__| |__| | | \ \   | |
 |_| \_|\__,_| .__/|_|_____\____/|_|  \_\  |_|
              | |
              |_|    Industrial Linux Gateway
 -----------------------------------------------------
 NapiWRT - OpenWrt for NapiLab Napi (RK3308)
 -----------------------------------------------------

 eth0: 192.168.1.1/24 (up)
 eth1: 192.168.30.91/24 (up)

root@napiwrt:~#

Pre-installed packages

Industrial stack

mosquitto + mosquitto-client - MQTT broker
mbusd + luci-app-mbusd - Modbus TCP gateway with web UI
mbpoll + luci-app-mbpoll - Modbus CLI tool with web UI
mbscan - Modbus RTU bus scanner

1-Wire / DS18B20

owfs, owserver, owfs-client - 1-Wire bus support and device access

I2C / GPIO

i2c-tools, libi2c - I2C bus diagnostics
gpiod-tools, libgpiod - GPIO control via libgpiod

Metrics collection

collectd + modules mqtt, exec, network, rrdtool, modbus - metrics collection and export

USB-Serial adapters

kmod-usb-serial-ch341, cp210x, ftdi, pl2303

LTE modem

kmod-usb-net-qmi-wwan + uqmi + luci-proto-qmi - Quectel EP06 support

USB Ethernet

kmod-usb-dwc2 - DWC2 OTG controller in host mode
kmod-usb-net-smsc95xx - SMSC LAN9500/LAN9500A USB Ethernet
kmod-usb-net-rtl8152 - RTL8152/8153 USB Ethernet adapter

Disk management and partition resize

parted, losetup, resize2fs

Networking and admin

openssh-sftp-server - SFTP access
luci-ssl-wolfssl - HTTPS for LuCI
tcpdump, ethtool - network diagnostics
bash, htop, nano, screen, tree, minicom - admin tools
procps-ng, usbutils, lsblk - system utilities

C++ runtime

libstdcpp - required for native Node.js modules (Zigbee2MQTT)

Napi 2 additional

kmod-usb-hid, kmod-hid-generic - USB keyboard for HDMI console
kmod-drm, kmod-fb - DRM and framebuffer for HDMI output

Repository structure

napi-openwrt/
├── napic-files/                    # RK3308 (Napi-C/P/Slot) customizations
│   ├── target/linux/rockchip/
│   │   ├── files/.../rk3308-napi-c.dts
│   │   └── image/armv8.mk
│   ├── package/
│   │   ├── boot/uboot-rockchip/
│   │   │   ├── Makefile            # napic-rk3308 block + limited UBOOT_TARGETS
│   │   │   └── patches/108-...patch
│   │   ├── luci-app-mbusd/
│   │   ├── luci-app-mbpoll/
│   │   └── mbscan/
│   ├── files/
│   │   ├── etc/banner
│   │   ├── etc/shadow
│   │   ├── etc/profile.d/10-sysinfo.sh
│   │   └── etc/uci-defaults/
│   └── .config
│
├── napi2-files/                    # RK3568 (Napi 2) customizations
│   ├── target/linux/rockchip/
│   │   ├── files/.../rk3568-napi2-rk3568.dts
│   │   ├── image/armv8.mk
│   │   └── image/napi2.bootscript
│   ├── package/
│   │   ├── luci-app-mbusd/
│   │   ├── luci-app-mbpoll/
│   │   └── mbscan/
│   ├── files/etc/
│   │   ├── uci-defaults/
│   │   ├── banner
│   │   ├── shadow
│   │   └── inittab
│   ├── apply-kernel-config.sh
│   └── .config
│
├── _arch/                          # Architecture docs
├── img/                            # Images for README
└── README.md

luci-app-mbusd

Web interface for mbusd Modbus gateway - the crown jewel of this build.

Start / Stop / Restart service
Enable / Disable autostart
Live process status with actual running parameters
Listening IP:port display
Full serial port and Modbus configuration

Building

Prerequisites (Ubuntu/Debian)

sudo apt install build-essential clang flex bison g++ gawk gcc-multilib \
  gettext git libncurses-dev libssl-dev python3-distutils python3-setuptools \
  python3-dev python3-pyelftools rsync swig unzip zlib1g-dev help2man

Setup

git clone https://github.com/openwrt/openwrt.git
cd openwrt
./scripts/feeds update -a
./scripts/feeds install -a

Build for Napi-C (RK3308)

# Apply customizations
cp -r /path/to/napi-openwrt/napic-files/* .

# Add required packages to .config
for pkg in kmod-usb-dwc2 kmod-usb-net-smsc95xx kmod-usb-gadget kmod-lib-crc16 \
  kmod-net-selftests kmod-phy-smsc parted losetup resize2fs; do
  sed -i "/$pkg/d" .config
  echo "CONFIG_PACKAGE_$pkg=y" >> .config
done

# Build (never run make menuconfig or make defconfig after editing .config!)
make package/boot/arm-trusted-firmware-rockchip/compile -j$(nproc)
make package/boot/uboot-rockchip/compile -j$(nproc)
make -j$(nproc) EXTRA_IMAGE_NAME=$(date +%d%b_%H%M)

Output: bin/targets/rockchip/armv8/openwrt-ДАТА-rockchip-armv8-napilab_napic-ext4-sysupgrade.img.gz

Build for Napi 2 (RK3568)

# Apply customizations
cp -r /path/to/napi-openwrt/napi2-files/* .

# Apply kernel config for HDMI console
bash apply-kernel-config.sh

# Build NanoPi R5S first (for U-Boot)
echo 'CONFIG_TARGET_rockchip_armv8_DEVICE_friendlyarm_nanopi-r5s=y' >> .config
make defconfig
make -j$(nproc)

# Switch to Napi 2
sed -i '/DEVICE_friendlyarm_nanopi-r5s/d' .config
echo 'CONFIG_TARGET_rockchip_armv8_DEVICE_napi2-rk3568=y' >> .config
make defconfig
make -j$(nproc)

Output: bin/targets/rockchip/armv8/openwrt-rockchip-armv8-napi2-rk3568-ext4-sysupgrade.img.gz

Flashing

gunzip openwrt-*-sysupgrade.img.gz
dd if=openwrt-*-sysupgrade.img of=/dev/sdX bs=4M status=progress
sync

Check /dev/sdX with lsblk before writing!

Default access

Parameter	Napi-C (1 NIC)	Napi-C (2 NICs)	Napi 2 (RK3568)
LAN IP	DHCP	192.168.1.1	192.168.1.1
WAN	-	eth1 (DHCP)	eth1 (DHCP)
Web UI	`http://<IP>/`	`http://192.168.1.1/`	`http://192.168.1.1/`
SSH	`root@<IP>`	`root@<IP>` (lan + wan)	`root@192.168.1.1`
Console	ttyS0, 1500000 baud	ttyS0, 1500000 baud	ttyS2, 1500000 baud + HDMI

Transferring build to another machine

Only transfer customizations, never build_dir/staging_dir (they contain absolute paths):

cd ~/openwrt
tar czf ~/napi-custom-$(date +%d%b_%H%M).tar.gz \
  .config \
  files/ \
  target/linux/rockchip/files/ \
  target/linux/rockchip/image/armv8.mk \
  package/boot/uboot-rockchip/patches/108-board-rockchip-add-napilab-napic.patch \
  package/boot/uboot-rockchip/Makefile \
  package/luci-app-mbusd/ \
  package/luci-app-mbpoll/ \
  package/mbscan/

On the new machine:

git clone https://github.com/openwrt/openwrt.git ~/openwrt
cd ~/openwrt
./scripts/feeds update -a
./scripts/feeds install -a
tar xzf napi-custom-*.tar.gz
make -j$(nproc) EXTRA_IMAGE_NAME=$(date +%d%b_%H%M)

Important: armv8.mk and package/boot/uboot-rockchip/Makefile from the archive will overwrite the originals. If the OpenWrt version differs significantly, merge the napic blocks into the new files manually.

Known issues

Never run make menuconfig or make defconfig after editing .config - they will overwrite custom entries
Adding packages: use sed -i '/<pkg>/d' .config && echo 'CONFIG_PACKAGE_<pkg>=y' >> .config
build_dir/staging_dir contain absolute paths - always make distclean (save .config first) when transferring between machines
UBOOT_TARGETS must be limited to RK3308 only - without ATF for rk3399/rk3588 the U-Boot build fails
dr_mode = "host" is required for USB OTG - without it dwc2 enters gadget mode and USB devices are invisible
files/etc/shadow must contain a hash, not a plaintext password - use openssl passwd -6
USB-Ethernet (SMSC LAN9500) requires: kmod-usb-dwc2, kmod-usb-net-smsc95xx, kmod-usb-gadget, kmod-lib-crc16, kmod-net-selftests, kmod-phy-smsc
Firewall wan zone: do not create a separate firewall.wan_zone - OpenWrt already defines one; only add masq and allow rules

Zigbee2MQTT

This build supports running Zigbee2MQTT on OpenWrt. Since OpenWrt uses musl libc, the standard Node.js binaries won't work - a special musl/aarch64 build is required.

A pre-built archive is available at download.napilinux.ru/apps/zigbee2mqtt-arm-openwrt/:

zigbee2mqtt-2.9.1-openwrt-aarch64-musl.tar.gz

Quick start

# Install Node.js (musl/arm64)
wget https://unofficial-builds.nodejs.org/download/release/v22.22.0/node-v22.22.0-linux-arm64-musl.tar.gz
mkdir -p /opt/node
tar xzf node-v22.22.0-linux-arm64-musl.tar.gz -C /opt/node --strip-components=1

# Install Zigbee2MQTT
mkdir /opt/zigbee2mqtt
tar xzf zigbee2mqtt-2.9.1-openwrt-aarch64-musl.tar.gz -C /opt/zigbee2mqtt/

# Install runtime dependency
apk add libstdcpp6

# Run
export PATH=/opt/node/bin:$PATH
cd /opt/zigbee2mqtt && npm start

Web UI available at http://<IP>:8080/

Requires 512 MB RAM and ~500 MB free disk space. Mosquitto is already pre-installed in this build.

Changelog

v1.2.0

USB OTG host mode - DWC2 controller configured as host in DTS (dr_mode = "host"), enabling USB devices on OTG port
USB-Ethernet support - SMSC LAN9500/LAN9500A adapter works as second network interface (eth1 = WAN)
Automatic network configuration - uci-defaults auto-detects number of NICs:
- 1 NIC: eth0 = DHCP client
- 2 NICs: eth0 = LAN (192.168.1.1), eth1 = WAN (DHCP), NAT enabled
- 3+ NICs: eth0 + eth2+ bridged into br-lan, eth1 = WAN
Firewall with WAN access - SSH, HTTP, HTTPS allowed on WAN interface
UART3 enabled in DTS - additional serial port available
Dynamic login info - /etc/profile.d/10-sysinfo.sh shows interface IPs at login
Custom banner - NapiWRT branding
Fixed firewall duplicate zone - uci-defaults no longer creates a second wan zone
Build transfer guide - documented tar archive with all customizations for clean rebuild on another machine
Build instructions updated - complete step-by-step guide with all patches, DTS, and uci-defaults

v1.1.0

NapiLab Napi 2 (RK3568) support - new platform with dual Gigabit Ethernet, 4GB RAM
Full router mode: LAN (192.168.1.1) + WAN (DHCP) + NAT
HDMI framebuffer console with USB keyboard support - kernel log and login on monitor
Dual console output: serial (ttyS2) + HDMI (tty1) simultaneously
RS-485 on UART7 with hardware RTS direction control
CAN 2.0 bus support
Hardware RTC (DS1338) and EEPROM (CAT24AA02)
Stable MAC address from eMMC CID (LAN + WAN)
U-Boot from NanoPi R5S (same RK3568 SoC)
Custom bootscript for dual console output
DRM Rockchip VOP2 + DW-HDMI built into kernel

v1.0.2

Zigbee2MQTT 2.9.1 pre-built archive for musl/aarch64 available in Releases
Automatic root partition and filesystem resize on first boot (scripts 70/80-rootpt-resize, double reboot)
Disk management: parted, fdisk, cfdisk, losetup, resize2fs
1-Wire / DS18B20: owfs, owserver, owfs-client
I2C: i2c-tools, libi2c
GPIO: gpiod-tools, libgpiod
Collectd: collectd + modules mqtt, exec, network, rrdtool, modbus
C++ runtime: libstdcpp
Utilities: tree, fuse-utils

v1.0.1

Automatic root partition resize on first boot (double reboot)
Added packages: parted, fdisk, cfdisk, resize2fs, losetup

v1.0.0

Initial release for RK3308 (Napi-C/P/Slot)
Custom U-Boot, DTS, uci-defaults
mbusd + luci-app-mbusd
Stable MAC from OTP

Contact

For orders, integration inquiries, and custom builds: dj.novikov@gmail.com

License

GPL-2.0 (following OpenWrt)

Name		Name	Last commit message	Last commit date
Latest commit History 18 Commits
_arch		_arch
img		img
napi2-files		napi2-files
napic-files		napic-files
.config		.config
README-RU.md		README-RU.md
README.md		README.md
mkr.sh		mkr.sh

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