KNK

Programming exercises for KN King's book C programming - a modern approach.

Pre 359

Compile *.c files with:

export BASENAME=<filename without '.c' extension>
gcc -Wall -Wextra -std=c99 ${BASENAME}.c -o ${BASENAME}.bin

Then run the binary with:

./${BASENAME}.bin

Post 359

Makefiles are introduced at 359. Compile subsequent projects with:

make

The above command should generate an executable file, e.g. program, which can then be run as follows:

./program

Clean up the tree with:

make clean

Post 45607

CMakeLists.txt files are introduced at 45607. Compile subsequent projects with:

mkdir build
cd build
cmake --build .
cmake --install .
# run the resulting program with:
./dist/bin/program

Formatting with clang-format

clang-format formats *.c files (as well as other formats), is customizable, and can inherit from existing published style guide, e.g. Google, LLVM, etc. See https://clang.llvm.org/docs/ClangFormatStyleOptions.html.

# print warnings, don't change files
clang-format -Werror --dry-run main.c

# print main.c to stdout including changes,
# but don't change main.c itself
clang-format main.c

# change file in-place
clang-format -i main.c

Debugging with Valgrind: memcheck

valgrind can help detect various kinds of errors. By default it runs memcheck, which detects memory errors:

$ valgrind ./program
$ valgrind tool=memcheck ./program
$ valgrind --tool=memcheck --leak-check=full --show-leak-kinds=all ./program

To have Valgrind output the relevant line numbers, recompile the binary with -g flag ("include debugging information") and -O0 ("disable optimization"). Note that this requires recompiling the objects as well.

See https://valgrind.org/ for more information.

Debugging with Valgrind: cachegrind

# TODO

Debugging with Valgrind: callgrind

# TODO

Other

• https://cdecl.org/ for decoding declarations

---

Have gcc generate Assembler code

gcc -c -S main.c   # generates main.s

Printing the shared objects (shared libraries) required by each program or shared object specified on the command line:

ldd program

List the symbols from an object file:

nm main.o