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34 changes: 25 additions & 9 deletions ICPMS.qmd
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# ICP-MS
# ICP-MS {#Sec-Inductively-coupled-plasma-mass-spectrometry}

Inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Intro - Plasmas are incredibly efficient ionizers. We can access a large portion of the periodic table. Thus, many types of samples can be analyzed (solids, liquids, and gases), elemental compositions an isotope ratios - the decisions that you make about treating those samples beforehand are really important.
Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is a rapidly growing technique as some type of ICP-MS instrumentation is found in most geochemistry labs. Advantages of ICP include (1) high ionization efficiency, (2) rapid sample throughout, and (3) the ability to measure solids, liquids and gases using the same instrument. Disadvantages that must be overcome when using ICP-MS instrumentation include (1) loss of transmission efficiency during sample introduction, (2) the requirement of energy filtering and beam shaping due to the large energy range and transverse velocity of ions generated by the plasma, (3) differential pumping is required due to the source being open to atmosphere, and (4) mass overlaps, or isobaric interferences.

## Sample introduction for ICP-MS
## Sample preparation {#Sec-Sample-preparation}

### Solution analysis

### Solid analysis

## Sample introduction for ICP-MS {#Sec-Sample-introduction-for-ICP-MS}
Because we can analyze solids, liquids, and gases, there are a lot of different sample introduction methods.

### Solids
crushed and picked (and/or mineral sep) vs in situ
### Solution analysis
Types of ICP Spray Chambers: (Kate will fill in details)

### Liquids
dilute and shoot vs chemical separation
1. Scott type
2. High-efficiency
3. Cyclonic
4. Desolvating

Spray chambers, desolvating nebulizers
Types of ICP Nebulizers: (Kate will fill in details)

1. Concentric pneumatic
2. Cross-flow pneumatic
3. Ultrasonic (high sensitivity)
4. High-solids (V-groove, Babington)

### Solids
crushed and picked (and/or mineral sep) vs in situ

### Gases
some things travel in the gaseous phase when they're introduced. For instance, mercury, sulfur
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