diff --git a/application/ai/structured_json_pipeline.py b/application/ai/structured_json_pipeline.py
index 11530aa7..557f3574 100644
--- a/application/ai/structured_json_pipeline.py
+++ b/application/ai/structured_json_pipeline.py
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 
 
 def _is_retryable_llm_error(exc: Exception) -> bool:
-    """识别上游临时故障，避免 429/5xx/超时直接短路。"""
+    """识别上游临时故障，避免 429/5xx/超时/空响应直接短路。"""
     message = str(exc).lower()
     retryable_markers = (
         "overloaded_error",
@@ -37,6 +37,8 @@ def _is_retryable_llm_error(exc: Exception) -> bool:
         "temporar",
         "connection reset",
         "service unavailable",
+        "empty content",
+        "empty non-stream content",
     )
     retryable_statuses = (" 429", " 500", " 502", " 503", " 504", " 529")
     return any(marker in message for marker in retryable_markers) or any(
diff --git a/infrastructure/ai/providers/openai_provider.py b/infrastructure/ai/providers/openai_provider.py
index 645180ea..03ca3c3c 100644
--- a/infrastructure/ai/providers/openai_provider.py
+++ b/infrastructure/ai/providers/openai_provider.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """OpenAI LLM 提供商实现"""
+import asyncio
 import logging
 import openai
 import httpx
@@ -15,6 +16,11 @@
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
+# 空响应自动重试次数（不含首次调用）
+_EMPTY_CONTENT_MAX_RETRIES = 2
+# 空响应重试基础延迟（秒），实际延迟 = 基础延迟 * 2^attempt
+_EMPTY_CONTENT_BASE_DELAY = 1.0
+
 
 class OpenAIProvider(BaseProvider):
     """OpenAI LLM 提供商实现
@@ -71,22 +77,41 @@ async def generate(
             base_url = self.settings.base_url or "https://api.openai.com/v1"
             use_responses = not self._use_legacy and base_url not in self.__class__._fallback_to_chat_cache
 
-            if use_responses:
+            last_empty_exc: Exception | None = None
+            for attempt in range(1 + _EMPTY_CONTENT_MAX_RETRIES):
                 try:
-                    return await self._generate_via_responses(prompt, config)
-                except (openai.NotFoundError, openai.BadRequestError) as e:
-                    logger.info(f"Responses API unsupported for {base_url}, falling back to chat completions: {str(e)}")
-                    self.__class__._fallback_to_chat_cache.add(base_url)
-                except Exception as e:
-                    # 某些网关在路径错误时可能不抛严格的 404 而是抛出其他错误，如果消息含有明确路径错误也尝试降级
-                    if "404" in str(e) or "Not Found" in str(e) or "400" in str(e) or "Account invalid" in str(e) or "INVALID_ARGUMENT" in str(e):
-                        logger.info(f"Gateway returned error for Responses API ({base_url}), falling back: {str(e)}")
-                        self.__class__._fallback_to_chat_cache.add(base_url)
-                    else:
-                        raise
+                    if use_responses:
+                        try:
+                            return await self._generate_via_responses(prompt, config)
+                        except (openai.NotFoundError, openai.BadRequestError) as e:
+                            logger.info(f"Responses API unsupported for {base_url}, falling back to chat completions: {str(e)}")
+                            self.__class__._fallback_to_chat_cache.add(base_url)
+                        except Exception as e:
+                            # 某些网关在路径错误时可能不抛严格的 404 而是抛出其他错误，如果消息含有明确路径错误也尝试降级
+                            if "404" in str(e) or "Not Found" in str(e) or "400" in str(e) or "Account invalid" in str(e) or "INVALID_ARGUMENT" in str(e):
+                                logger.info(f"Gateway returned error for Responses API ({base_url}), falling back: {str(e)}")
+                                self.__class__._fallback_to_chat_cache.add(base_url)
+                            else:
+                                raise
+
+                    # 使用降级的 Chat Completions API
+                    return await self._generate_via_chat(prompt, config)
+                except RuntimeError as e:
+                    if self._is_empty_content_error(e) and attempt < _EMPTY_CONTENT_MAX_RETRIES:
+                        last_empty_exc = e
+                        delay = _EMPTY_CONTENT_BASE_DELAY * (2 ** attempt)
+                        logger.warning(
+                            "LLM 返回空内容，%.1f 秒后自动重试 (attempt=%d/%d): %s",
+                            delay, attempt + 1, _EMPTY_CONTENT_MAX_RETRIES, e,
+                        )
+                        await asyncio.sleep(delay)
+                        continue
+                    raise
 
-            # 使用降级的 Chat Completions API
-            return await self._generate_via_chat(prompt, config)
+            # 所有重试均失败（理论上不会到这里，但做兜底）
+            if last_empty_exc is not None:
+                raise last_empty_exc
+            raise RuntimeError("LLM generate exhausted empty-content retries")
         except RuntimeError:
             raise
         except ValueError:
@@ -94,6 +119,15 @@ async def generate(
         except Exception as e:
             raise RuntimeError(f"Failed to generate text: {str(e)}") from e
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def _is_empty_content_error(exc: Exception) -> bool:
+        """判断异常是否为空响应导致的错误，用于自动重试决策。"""
+        msg = str(exc).lower()
+        return (
+            "empty content" in msg
+            or "empty non-stream content" in msg
+        )
+
     async def _generate_via_chat(self, prompt: Prompt, config: GenerationConfig) -> GenerationResult:
         """Chat Completions API 非流式生成
 
@@ -124,9 +158,12 @@ async def _generate_via_chat(self, prompt: Prompt, config: GenerationConfig) ->
         content = self._extract_text_from_response(response)
 
         if not content:
+            # 记录原始响应以便排查：含 choices 数量、message 结构、finish_reason
+            raw_preview = self._summarize_raw_response(response)
             logger.warning(
                 "OpenAI-compatible response returned empty non-stream content; "
-                "falling back to streaming aggregation"
+                "falling back to streaming aggregation. raw_preview=%s",
+                raw_preview,
             )
             content, token_usage = await self._generate_via_stream(request_kwargs)
             return GenerationResult(content=content, token_usage=token_usage)
@@ -351,6 +388,37 @@ def _normalize_chat_completion_content(content: Any) -> str:
 
         return str(content).strip()
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def _summarize_raw_response(response: Any) -> str:
+        """生成原始响应的摘要字符串，用于空响应时的诊断日志。"""
+        try:
+            choices = getattr(response, "choices", None)
+            n_choices = len(choices) if choices else 0
+            parts = [f"choices={n_choices}"]
+            if choices:
+                msg = getattr(choices[0], "message", None)
+                content = getattr(msg, "content", None) if msg else None
+                finish = getattr(choices[0], "finish_reason", None)
+                parts.append(f"finish_reason={finish}")
+                if content is None:
+                    parts.append("content=None")
+                elif isinstance(content, str):
+                    parts.append(f"content_len={len(content)}")
+                else:
+                    parts.append(f"content_type={type(content).__name__}")
+                reasoning = getattr(msg, "reasoning_content", None) if msg else None
+                if reasoning:
+                    parts.append(f"has_reasoning=True(len={len(reasoning)})")
+            usage = getattr(response, "usage", None)
+            if usage:
+                parts.append(
+                    f"tokens(prompt={getattr(usage, 'prompt_tokens', '?')},"
+                    f"completion={getattr(usage, 'completion_tokens', '?')})"
+                )
+            return ", ".join(parts)
+        except Exception:
+            return "(summarize failed)"
+
     @staticmethod
     def _extract_text_from_response(response: Any) -> str:
         if not getattr(response, "choices", None):
diff --git a/tests/unit/infrastructure/ai/providers/test_openai_provider.py b/tests/unit/infrastructure/ai/providers/test_openai_provider.py
index eeb72076..7f7ebcbe 100644
--- a/tests/unit/infrastructure/ai/providers/test_openai_provider.py
+++ b/tests/unit/infrastructure/ai/providers/test_openai_provider.py
@@ -145,7 +145,45 @@ async def test_stream_generate(self, provider):
             assert mock_create.await_args.kwargs["stream"] is True
 
     @pytest.mark.anyio
-    async def test_generate_empty_content_raises(self, provider):
+    @patch("infrastructure.ai.providers.openai_provider.asyncio.sleep", new_callable=AsyncMock)
+    async def test_generate_empty_content_raises_after_retries(self, mock_sleep, provider):
+        """空响应经过多次重试后仍为空，最终抛出 RuntimeError。"""
+        prompt = Prompt(system="You are helpful", user="Hello")
+        config = GenerationConfig(model="test-model")
+        empty_response = SimpleNamespace(
+            choices=[SimpleNamespace(message=SimpleNamespace(content=None))],
+            usage=SimpleNamespace(prompt_tokens=10, completion_tokens=5),
+        )
+
+        def _make_empty_stream():
+            return _FakeStream([
+                SimpleNamespace(
+                    choices=[SimpleNamespace(delta=SimpleNamespace(content=None))],
+                    usage=SimpleNamespace(prompt_tokens=10, completion_tokens=5),
+                ),
+            ])
+
+        # 3 次尝试（首次 + 2 次重试），每次都是 non-stream 空 → stream 空
+        side_effects = []
+        for _ in range(3):
+            side_effects.extend([empty_response, _make_empty_stream()])
+
+        with patch.object(provider.async_client.chat.completions, "create", new_callable=AsyncMock) as mock_create:
+            mock_create.side_effect = side_effects
+
+            with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="empty content"):
+                await provider.generate(prompt, config)
+
+            # 每次尝试：1 次 non-stream + 1 次 stream fallback = 2 次调用
+            # 共 3 次尝试 = 6 次调用
+            assert mock_create.await_count == 6
+            # 重试间应调用 asyncio.sleep（2 次重试间隔）
+            assert mock_sleep.await_count == 2
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    @patch("infrastructure.ai.providers.openai_provider.asyncio.sleep", new_callable=AsyncMock)
+    async def test_generate_empty_content_retries_then_succeeds(self, mock_sleep, provider):
+        """空响应自动重试后，后续请求返回正常内容，应成功返回。"""
         prompt = Prompt(system="You are helpful", user="Hello")
         config = GenerationConfig(model="test-model")
         empty_response = SimpleNamespace(
@@ -158,12 +196,22 @@ async def test_generate_empty_content_raises(self, provider):
                 usage=SimpleNamespace(prompt_tokens=10, completion_tokens=5),
             ),
         ])
+        good_response = SimpleNamespace(
+            choices=[SimpleNamespace(message=SimpleNamespace(content="Recovered!"))],
+            usage=SimpleNamespace(prompt_tokens=12, completion_tokens=8),
+        )
 
         with patch.object(provider.async_client.chat.completions, "create", new_callable=AsyncMock) as mock_create:
-            mock_create.side_effect = [empty_response, empty_stream]
+            # 第 1 次尝试：non-stream 空 → stream 空 → RuntimeError → 触发重试
+            # 第 2 次尝试：non-stream 返回正常内容
+            mock_create.side_effect = [empty_response, empty_stream, good_response]
 
-            with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="empty content"):
-                await provider.generate(prompt, config)
+            result = await provider.generate(prompt, config)
+
+            assert result.content == "Recovered!"
+            assert mock_create.await_count == 3
+            # 仅重试了 1 次
+            assert mock_sleep.await_count == 1
 
     def test_missing_api_key(self):
         with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="API key is required"):
@@ -276,7 +324,8 @@ async def test_stream_generate_extracts_output_text_delta(self, provider):
             assert mock_create.await_args.kwargs["stream"] is True
 
     @pytest.mark.anyio
-    async def test_generate_empty_responses_raises(self, provider):
+    @patch("infrastructure.ai.providers.openai_provider.asyncio.sleep", new_callable=AsyncMock)
+    async def test_generate_empty_responses_raises(self, mock_sleep, provider):
         prompt = Prompt(system="You are helpful", user="Hello")
         config = GenerationConfig(model="test-model")
         response = SimpleNamespace(
@@ -290,6 +339,11 @@ async def test_generate_empty_responses_raises(self, provider):
             with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="empty content"):
                 await provider.generate(prompt, config)
 
+            # 3 次尝试（首次 + 2 次重试），每次返回空 output
+            assert mock_create.await_count == 3
+            # 重试间应调用 asyncio.sleep
+            assert mock_sleep.await_count == 2
+
 
 class TestProfilePassthrough:
     """profile 的 use_legacy_chat_completions 正确透传到 OpenAIProvider"""