MIDI 1.0 MPE / MIDI 2.0 Per-Note Abstractions
M2-104-UM Universal MIDI Packet (UMP) Format and MIDI 2.0 Protocol, page 53:
Using Note Number Rotation, Per-Note Pitch, and Per-Note Management Message for Independent Per-Note Expression
A MIDI 2.0 Protocol Sender can have fully independent control over individual Notes, even applied to simultaneous Notes on the same pitch. MIDI Polyphonic Expression (MPE) on the MIDI 1.0 Protocol uses a Channel Rotation mechanism for this kind of flexible expressive control with up to 16 notes of polyphony. In the MIDI 2.0 Protocol, a Note Number Rotation mechanism can replace the Channel Rotation mechanism for some applications. This improves on MPE by utilizing only a single MIDI Channel while providing polyphony of up to 128 notes.
MIDI 1.0 MPE / MIDI 2.0 Per-Note Abstractions
M2-104-UM Universal MIDI Packet (UMP) Format and MIDI 2.0 Protocol, page 53: