Kind 9001 (NIP-29 remove-user): 5,276 events, 100% invalid — non-standard tag structure

[alltheseas]

Summary

All 5,276 kind 9001 events in our dataset are invalid. Kind 9001 is defined by NIP-29 as a "remove-user" moderation action for relay-based groups — not NIP-90 DVM job results (which use kinds 6000–6999).

Evidence

• 5,276 invalid events, 0 valid — 100% error rate
• All unattributed (no client tag or NIP-89 match)
• Top producers: 2 pubkeys account for 88% of events

Violation breakdown

Error	Count
must contain at least 1 valid item(s) on /tags	5,300
must be equal to constant (tag names wrong)	5,300+ per position
must match pattern "^[a-f0-9]{64}$"	5,252

Root cause

NIP-29 specifies kind 9001 (remove-user) events should have:

["h", "<group-id>"], ["p", "<pubkey-to-remove>"], ["previous", ...]

Instead, events in the wild use entirely different tag structures:

Pattern 1 (4,631 events — top 2 pubkeys): Presence-type events

{ "kind": 9001, "tags": [["t", "presence"]] }

Pattern 2 (437 events): Social/type events

{ "kind": 9001, "tags": [["p", "<pubkey>"], ["type", "bro"], ["receipt", ""]] }

Neither pattern includes the required h-tag (group ID) or follows the NIP-29 moderation structure. These appear to be apps repurposing kind 9001 for non-standard uses.

Top pubkeys

Pubkey (prefix)	Events
416e9e7c...	2,417
9700648e...	2,214
19c24bf5...	205
1a3941a4...	156
25959d2f...	73

Notes

Correction: An earlier version of this issue incorrectly identified kind 9001 as NIP-90 DVM job results. NIP-90 DVM results use kinds 6000–6999. Kind 9001 is NIP-29 relay-based group moderation.

Dataset

655K events scanned across 52 event kinds from multiple relays. Validated against nostrability/schemata schemas.

Exact Failure Mode

Error Path	Keyword	Message	Count
/tags	contains	must contain at least 1 valid item(s)	5,300
/tags/0/0	const	must be equal to constant	5,300
/tags/1/0	const	must be equal to constant	5,280
/tags/1/1	pattern	must match pattern hex64	5,252

Sample failing tags: [["t","presence"]]

Root cause: Events use kind 9001 for presence/social purposes instead of NIP-29 group moderation; completely non-conforming to schema.

[alltheseas]

Exact Failure Mode

Error Path	Keyword	Message	Count
/tags	contains	must contain at least 1 valid item(s)	5,300
/tags/0/0	const	must be equal to constant	5,300
/tags/1/0	const	must be equal to constant	5,280
/tags/1/1	pattern	must match pattern ^[a-f0-9]{64}$	5,252
/tags/2/0	const	must be equal to constant	5,252

Sample failing tags: [["t","presence"]]

What this means: Kind 9001 (NIP-29 remove-user) events have completely non-conforming tag structures. The sample event has only a ["t","presence"] tag, which bears no relation to the NIP-29 schema that expects specific group management tags (like h for group ID and p for the pubkey being removed). The const failures at every tag position confirm that no tag name matches the expected schema structure. These events appear to be using kind 9001 for a purpose entirely different from NIP-29 group moderation.