increase minimum python version to 3.12

[andlaus]

Once Ubuntu 22.04 reaches its EOL in 2027, we can increase out minimum required python version to 3.12 and take advantage of some new features. This issue collects the changes which can/should be implemented.

[andlaus]

• change all Enum classes where the enumerations are strings to StrEnum. This basically comes down to reverting b3c8154 .

[kayoub5]

@andlaus I would recommend following Python EOL, not Ubuntu EOL, since Ubuntu is not the only OS out there.

https://endoflife.date/python