A picture is worth a thousand words :
\documentclass{beamer}
\begin{document}
$\invisible<article>{+\infty}$
$+\infty$
$\invisible<article>{{+\infty}}$
\end{document}
gives (in beamer mode)

I think that \invisible produces something that is not visible per se but makes LaTeX interpret the + as a binary rather than unary operator, and adjust spacing accordingly.
The workaround is not bad, and logical once one understands what's happening. But maybe there is a better way ?
I could not find a reference for this in the documentation (that's hard to search for !) ; if the current behaviour is expected or not worth modifying, I would suggest adding a sentence to that effect containing eg. the words \infty, unary , binary and spacing, so it can be searched for.
A picture is worth a thousand words :
gives (in beamer mode)

I think that
\invisibleproduces something that is not visible per se but makes LaTeX interpret the+as a binary rather than unary operator, and adjust spacing accordingly.The workaround is not bad, and logical once one understands what's happening. But maybe there is a better way ?
I could not find a reference for this in the documentation (that's hard to search for !) ; if the current behaviour is expected or not worth modifying, I would suggest adding a sentence to that effect containing eg. the words
\infty,unary,binaryandspacing, so it can be searched for.