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SSH Server Docker Setup

This setup provides a Docker container running an SSH server based on Ubuntu 22.04.

Quick Start

Build and Run with Docker Compose

# Build and start the container
docker-compose up -d

# View logs
docker-compose logs -f

# Stop the container
docker-compose down

Connect to the SSH Server

# Connect via SSH (password: sshpassword)
ssh -p 2222 sshuser@localhost

Configuration

Default Credentials

  • Username: sshuser
  • Password: sshpassword
  • Port: 2222 (host) → 22 (container)

⚠️ Security Warning: Change the default password in production environments!

Change Password

Option 1: Modify Dockerfile

Edit the Dockerfile and change the password in the RUN command:

RUN echo 'sshuser:YOUR_NEW_PASSWORD' | chpasswd

Then rebuild:

docker-compose up -d --build

Option 2: Change password in running container

docker exec -it ssh-server passwd sshuser

SSH Key Authentication (Recommended)

  1. Create an authorized_keys file with your public key:
# Copy your public key to authorized_keys
cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub > authorized_keys
  1. Uncomment the volume mount in docker-compose.yml:
volumes:
  - ./authorized_keys:/home/sshuser/.ssh/authorized_keys:ro
  1. Restart the container:
docker-compose down
docker-compose up -d
  1. Connect without password:
ssh -p 2222 sshuser@localhost

Change Port

To use a different host port, edit docker-compose.yml:

ports:
  - "YOUR_PORT:22"  # Change YOUR_PORT to desired port

Volumes

  • ssh-user-data: Persists the user's home directory data across container restarts

Security Best Practices

  1. Change default password immediately
  2. Use SSH key authentication instead of passwords
  3. Disable password authentication in /etc/ssh/sshd_config after setting up keys
  4. Use a firewall to restrict access to the SSH port
  5. Keep the image updated regularly

Troubleshooting

Check if the container is running

docker-compose ps

View container logs

docker-compose logs ssh-server

Access container shell

docker exec -it ssh-server /bin/bash

Test SSH connection

# Test connection
ssh -p 2222 -v sshuser@localhost

# Test with specific key
ssh -p 2222 -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa sshuser@localhost

Advanced Configuration

Add more users

Edit the Dockerfile and add additional users:

RUN useradd -rm -d /home/newuser -s /bin/bash -g root -G sudo -u 1002 newuser && \
    echo 'newuser:newpassword' | chpasswd

Install additional software

Add installation commands in the Dockerfile:

RUN apt-get update && \
    apt-get install -y git vim curl && \
    apt-get clean

Customize SSH configuration

Modify the SSH configuration in the Dockerfile:

RUN echo "MaxAuthTries 3" >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config && \
    echo "ClientAliveInterval 300" >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config && \
    echo "ClientAliveCountMax 2" >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config

Cleanup

# Stop and remove container, networks, and volumes
docker-compose down -v

# Remove the image
docker rmi sysdocs-ssh-server