improve meep code quality

[joamatab]

Improve quality code:

• add pre-commit hooks for keeping the quality up and apply black format (clean code #2164)
• add type annotations
• fix mypy issues
• fix flake8 for syntax errors flake8 python --count gives 1193 errors
• simplify code (clean code #2164)
• Replace if statement with if expression (assign-if-exp)
• Convert for loop into list comprehension (list-comprehension)
• use fstrings

Keep up quality code

• add CI/CD for code checks
• mypy type checker
• flake8 for syntax check (see blacken notebooks, add flake8 config and script for adding type annotations #2177)
• improve error messages
• speed up CI/CD

[joamatab]

may require rebasing existing PRs

#662

[ianwilliamson]

meep.adjoint.* had the yapf formatter applied to it, but I am not sure if subsequent PRs kept this up. See #1590 (comment)

[joamatab]

We applied black to python code and clang to the c++

Now it runs with pre-commit hook