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URI.md

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1. URI (Uniform Resource Identifier)

A URI is a broad concept used to identify a resource on the web. It can be further divided into URL (Uniform Resource Locator) and URN (Uniform Resource Name).

2. URL (Uniform Resource Locator)

A URL is a specific type of URI that not only identifies a resource but also provides the means to locate it (e.g., the protocol, domain, and path).

Example of a URL:

https://www.example.com/products?id=123
  • Protocol: https (tells the browser how to communicate with the server)
  • Domain: www.example.com (the domain name of the server)
  • Path: /products (location of the resource on the server)
  • Query Parameters: ?id=123 (optional parameters to modify or filter the request)

A URL includes all the information needed to locate the resource on the internet.

3. URN (Uniform Resource Name)

A URN is another type of URI, but unlike a URL, it does not provide information on how to locate the resource. Instead, a URN is used to uniquely identify a resource by name, typically within a specific namespace.

Example of a URN:

urn:isbn:0451450523
  • This URN identifies a specific book by its ISBN number. However, it does not tell we where to find that book or how to retrieve it; it's just a unique name that identifies the book within the ISBN namespace.

How are URL and URN Types of URI?

Both URLs and URNs are types of URIs because they identify a resource. However, the key difference lies in their purpose:

  • URLs provide both identification and location of the resource.
  • URNs only provide unique identification, without any locational information.

So, a URI can be either a URL (which tells we where to find the resource) or a URN (which just uniquely identifies the resource, but doesn't tell we how to find it).

Summary:

  • URI: A general identifier for a resource. It can be a URL or a URN.
  • URL: A type of URI that identifies and locates a resource on the web.
  • URN: A type of URI that only identifies a resource by name but doesn't provide location details.