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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>DevOps Attack Surface - Pentester's Guide</title>
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Roboto:wght@300;400;500;700&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">
<style>
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margin: 0;
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.tool-count {
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/* Quick Info Box - Port & Creds */
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.quick-info .info-value.creds {
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.quick-info .info-value.url {
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.quick-info .info-value:hover {
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.code-block:hover {
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content: '📋 Click to copy';
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top: 12px;
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.footer {
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.toast.show {
opacity: 1;
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@media (max-width: 768px) {
.header h1 {
font-size: 22px;
}
.tools-grid {
grid-template-columns: 1fr;
}
.stats {
flex-direction: column;
gap: 8px;
}
.controls {
flex-direction: column;
}
.btn {
width: 100%;
}
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="header">
<div class="header-content">
<h1> DevOps Pipeline Attack Surface</h1>
<p>Interactive reference guide for penetration testing DevOps environments</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="container">
<div class="info-banner">
<h2>Why Target DevOps?</h2>
<p>
DevOps platforms are target-rich environments with high-level permissions for managing credentials, creating infrastructure,
configuring systems, building code, and deploying applications to production. In a security landscape that places heavy scrutiny
on the endpoint, DevOps systems provide an opportunity to <strong>live off the land</strong> and escalate privileges while
maintaining operational security.
</p>
<div class="credits">
<strong>Credits:</strong> Big love to <strong>Tom and Colbert from Accenture (formerly FusionX)</strong> for chopping game about this!
</div>
</div>
<div class="search-card">
<input type="text" id="searchBox" class="search-box" placeholder=" Search tools, attack vectors, or categories...">
<div class="stats">
<span id="visibleCount">Loading...</span>
<span>•</span>
<span id="toolCount"></span>
<span>•</span>
<span>Click any tool card to expand attack details</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="controls">
<button class="btn primary" onclick="expandAllCategories()">Expand All Categories</button>
<button class="btn" onclick="collapseAllCategories()">Collapse All Categories</button>
<button class="btn primary" onclick="expandAllTools()">Expand All Tools</button>
<button class="btn" onclick="collapseAllTools()">Collapse All Tools</button>
</div>
<div id="categories"></div>
<div class="resources-section">
<h3>Additional Info</h3>
<h4>Key Takeaways</h4>
<ul>
<li><strong>New Attack Surface Perspective:</strong> Understanding DevOps & CI/CD pipelines from offensive and defensive viewpoints</li>
<li><strong>Targeted Reconnaissance:</strong> OPSEC-conscious privilege escalation, lateral movement, and RCE techniques</li>
<li><strong>Modern Red Teaming:</strong> No-install, browser-based attacks that focus on business logic abuse vs. implants/EDR bypasses</li>
</ul>
<h4>Target Audience</h4>
<p><strong>Beginner/Intermediate Level</strong> - Offensive and defensive security practitioners:</p>
<ul style="columns: 2; -webkit-columns: 2; -moz-columns: 2;">
<li>Red Team Operators</li>
<li>Penetration Testers</li>
<li>Application Security Specialists</li>
<li>Incident Responders</li>
<li>SOC/SIEM Analysts</li>
<li>Threat Hunters</li>
<li>Software Engineers</li>
<li>SREs & Cloud Admins</li>
</ul>
<h4>Additional Resources</h4>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://owasp.org/www-project-devsecops-guideline/" target="_blank">OWASP DevSecOps Guidelines</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/TupleType/DevOops" target="_blank">DevOops - DevOps Security Testing Framework</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.cidersecurity.io/top-10-ci-cd-security-risks/" target="_blank">Top 10 CI/CD Security Risks</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/hahwul/DevSecOps" target="_blank">DevSecOps Resources Collection</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="scan-syntax-section">
<h3>🔍 Internal Pentest - Quick Scan Commands</h3>
<p style="color: var(--text-secondary); margin-bottom: 16px;">Use these commands to enumerate DevOps attack surface on internal network ranges.</p>
<div class="scan-command-group">
<h4>Step 1: Generate Target List from IP Ranges</h4>
<p style="color: var(--text-secondary); font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 8px;">Create target lists from internal CIDR ranges:</p>
<div class="code-block" onclick="copyCode(this)">
# Generate IPs from CIDR ranges (using prips, nmap, or mapcidr)
prips 10.0.0.0/24 > targets.txt
prips 192.168.1.0/24 >> targets.txt
prips 172.16.0.0/16 >> targets.txt
# Or use mapcidr for large ranges
echo "10.0.0.0/8" | mapcidr -silent > targets.txt
echo "192.168.0.0/16" | mapcidr -silent >> targets.txt
echo "172.16.0.0/12" | mapcidr -silent >> targets.txt
# Or use nmap to generate list
nmap -sL -n 10.0.0.0/24 | awk '/Nmap scan report/{print $NF}' > targets.txt</div>
</div>
<div class="scan-command-group">
<h4>Step 2: HTTPX - DevOps Service Discovery</h4>
<p style="color: var(--text-secondary); font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 8px;">Probe internal IPs for DevOps services on common ports:</p>
<div class="code-block" onclick="copyCode(this)">
# Discover DevOps services on common ports (from IP list)
cat targets.txt | httpx -p 80,443,8080,8443,9000,8000,8888,3000,5000,8081,8082,9090,9443,6443,1666,7990,8929,9001,5432,3306,27017,6379,1433,9200,5601,15672,8161,7001 -title -tech-detect -status-code -o live_devops.txt
# Scan specific CIDR directly
echo "10.0.0.0/24" | mapcidr -silent | httpx -p 80,443,8080,8443,9000,3000,8081,9090,6443 -title -tech-detect -o live_hosts.txt
# Check for DevOps paths on discovered hosts
cat live_hosts.txt | httpx -path "/jenkins/,/gitlab/,/artifactory/,/nexus/,/sonarqube/,/grafana/,/prometheus/,/kibana/,/argocd/,/.git/config,/api/v4/projects,/v2/_catalog" -mc 200,301,302,401,403 -o devops_paths.txt
# Kubernetes API discovery
cat targets.txt | httpx -p 6443,8443,10250,10255 -path "/api,/api/v1,/apis,/healthz,/version" -mc 200,401,403 -o k8s_endpoints.txt
# Perforce server discovery (port 1666)
cat targets.txt | httpx -p 1666 -title -status-code -o perforce_servers.txt</div>
</div>
<div class="scan-command-group">
<h4>Step 3: Nuclei - Vulnerability Scanning</h4>
<p style="color: var(--text-secondary); font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 8px;">Scan discovered hosts for DevOps vulnerabilities:</p>
<div class="code-block" onclick="copyCode(this)">
# Full DevOps vulnerability scan
nuclei -l live_devops.txt -tags devops,cicd,jenkins,gitlab,kubernetes,docker,grafana,prometheus,mysql,postgres,mongodb,redis,mssql,wordpress,drupal,joomla,tomcat,weblogic -severity medium,high,critical -o vulns_devops.txt
# Default credentials (critical for internal pentest)
nuclei -l live_devops.txt -tags default-login -severity info,low,medium,high,critical -o default_creds.txt
# Jenkins-specific scans
nuclei -l live_devops.txt -tags jenkins -severity info,low,medium,high,critical -o jenkins_vulns.txt
# GitLab-specific scans
nuclei -l live_devops.txt -tags gitlab -severity info,low,medium,high,critical -o gitlab_vulns.txt
# Kubernetes & container scans
nuclei -l live_devops.txt -tags kubernetes,k8s,docker,container -severity medium,high,critical -o k8s_vulns.txt
# Exposed panels and dashboards
nuclei -l live_devops.txt -tags panel,dashboard,exposed,config -severity info,low,medium,high -o exposed_panels.txt
# CVE-specific scans for critical vulns
nuclei -l live_devops.txt -tags cve -severity critical,high -o critical_cves.txt</div>
</div>
<div class="scan-command-group">
<h4>Step 4: Combined Internal Recon Pipeline</h4>
<p style="color: var(--text-secondary); font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 8px;">Full internal network DevOps enumeration workflow:</p>
<div class="code-block" onclick="copyCode(this)">
# === COMPLETE INTERNAL DEVOPS ATTACK SURFACE ENUMERATION ===
# 1. Generate targets from multiple internal ranges
for range in "10.0.0.0/24" "192.168.1.0/24" "172.16.0.0/24"; do
echo "$range" | mapcidr -silent >> all_targets.txt
done
# 2. Fast port scan for DevOps services
cat all_targets.txt | httpx -p 80,443,8080,8443,9000,3000,5000,8081,9090,6443,8929,7990,1666,9001,5601,9200,5432,3306,27017,6379,1433,15672,8161,7001,5984,9042 -title -tech-detect -status-code -threads 100 -o live_services.txt
# 3. Extract just URLs for nuclei
cat live_services.txt | cut -d' ' -f1 > live_urls.txt
# 4. Run comprehensive nuclei scan
nuclei -l live_urls.txt -tags devops,cicd,default-login,exposed,panel,jenkins,gitlab,kubernetes,docker,mysql,postgres,mongodb,redis,wordpress,drupal,tomcat,weblogic,activemq,rabbitmq -severity info,low,medium,high,critical -o all_findings.txt
# 5. Check for exposed .git directories
cat live_urls.txt | httpx -path "/.git/config,/.git/HEAD,/.svn/entries" -mc 200 -o exposed_repos.txt
# 6. Screenshot all discovered services
cat live_urls.txt | gowitness file -f - -P screenshots/</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="toast" class="toast"></div>
<script>
const devOpsTools = [
{
category: "Knowledge Bases",
icon: "",
description: "Documentation and knowledge management platforms often containing sensitive information, credentials, and architecture details.",
tools: [
{
name: "SharePoint",
description: "Microsoft's enterprise content management platform. Often contains sensitive documentation, credentials in documents, and architecture diagrams.",
defaultPort: "443, 80",
attackVectors: [
"Search for exposed credentials in documents",
"Enumerate user lists via API",
"<a href='https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-53770' target='_blank'>CVE-2025-53770</a> (CVSS 9.8) - Critical vulnerability in SharePoint Server",
"<a href='https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-49706' target='_blank'>CVE-2025-49706</a>, <a href='https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-49704' target='_blank'>CVE-2025-49704</a> - ToolShell vulnerabilities for RCE",
"<a href='https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-29357' target='_blank'>CVE-2023-29357</a> - JWT spoofing and privilege escalation",
"<a href='https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-24955' target='_blank'>CVE-2023-24955</a> - Remote code execution vulnerability",
"<a href='https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-21318' target='_blank'>CVE-2024-21318</a> - Authenticated remote code execution",
"<a href='https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-0604' target='_blank'>CVE-2019-0604</a> - Deserialization RCE in SharePoint",
"Anonymous access misconfiguration - check guest access policies",
"API misconfigurations allowing data exfiltration",
"Access control bypass via crafted URLs",
"Extract metadata from documents",
"Look for .aspx shells if write access obtained"
],
defaultCreds: "Domain\\Administrator or setup-defined admin"
},
{
name: "Confluence",
description: "Atlassian's wiki and collaboration platform. Treasure trove of architecture docs, passwords, and API keys.",
defaultPort: "8090, 8091, 443",
attackVectors: [
"Search for 'password', 'api key', 'secret', 'token' in content",
"<a href='https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-22527' target='_blank'>CVE-2023-22527</a> (CVSS 10.0) - OGNL injection pre-auth RCE (CRITICAL)",
"<a href='https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-22515' target='_blank'>CVE-2023-22515</a> - Privilege escalation via anonymous access",
"<a href='https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-26134' target='_blank'>CVE-2022-26134</a> - OGNL injection RCE in Webwork",
"<a href='https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-26084' target='_blank'>CVE-2021-26084</a> - OGNL injection vulnerability",
"Anonymous access misconfiguration - check space permissions",
"Permission bypass via direct object references",
"REST API enumeration without authentication",
"Extract attachments with credentials",
"Enumerate users and groups via /rest/api/user/search",
"Exported space archives containing sensitive data",
"Webwork OGNL injection for RCE"
],
defaultCreds: "admin:admin (initial setup)"
},
{
name: "MediaWiki",
description: "Open-source wiki software. Can expose sensitive internal documentation.",
defaultPort: "80, 443",
attackVectors: [
"Check Special:Version for software versions",
"Enumerate users via API (api.php?action=query&list=allusers)",
"Search page history for removed secrets",
"XSS vulnerabilities in various extensions and core",
"Permission bypass via special page access",
"File upload restrictions bypass - check for SVG, HTML uploads",
"SQL injection in older versions (pre-1.19)",
"Access restrictions bypass via direct file access",
"API abuse for content enumeration",
"Extension vulnerabilities (check installed extensions)"
],
defaultCreds: "WikiSysop:(setup-defined)"
},
{
name: "DokuWiki",
description: "Simple wiki system. Often misconfigured with public access.",
defaultPort: "80, 443",
attackVectors: [
"<a href='https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-42758' target='_blank'>CVE-2024-42758</a> - XSS vulnerability in indexmenu plugin",
"Stored XSS via SVG file uploads",
"Directory traversal vulnerabilities",
"Arbitrary file disclosure via ../../../ in URLs",
"Authentication bypass in older versions",
"Check data/pages/ for raw wiki content if exposed",
"ACL misconfiguration - default world-readable pages",
"Plugin vulnerabilities (100+ plugins available)",
"Remote file inclusion in templates"
],
defaultCreds: "admin:(setup-defined)"
},
{
name: "Notion",
description: "Modern workspace and documentation tool. Cloud-based, often shared publicly.",
defaultPort: "SaaS",
accessUrl: "notion.so/{workspace}, {workspace}.notion.site",
attackVectors: [
"Enumerate publicly shared pages",
"Google dorking for exposed Notion pages",
"API token extraction from integrations",
"Check for overshared workspaces",
"Leaked workspace URLs in GitHub"
],
defaultCreds: "N/A (OAuth/SSO)"
},
{
name: "TikiWiki",
description: "Full-featured wiki and CMS. Complex with many features and attack surfaces.",
defaultPort: "80, 443",
attackVectors: [
"<a href='https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-15906' target='_blank'>CVE-2020-15906</a> (CVSS 9.3) - Authentication bypass vulnerability",
"File upload vulnerabilities leading to RCE",
"Unrestricted file upload via file gallery",
"SQL injection (historical issues in search and filters)",
"Authentication bypass via parameter manipulation",
"XSS in various modules (wiki pages, forums, blogs)",
"CSRF leading to code execution",
"PHP code injection via template system",
"Shell upload via file gallery with .php/.phtml extensions"
],
defaultCreds: "admin:admin"
},
{
name: "Wiki.js",
description: "Modern, lightweight wiki built on Node.js. Growing in popularity.",
defaultPort: "3000, 80, 443",
attackVectors: [
"<a href='https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-34710' target='_blank'>CVE-2024-34710</a> - Client-side template injection vulnerability",
"<a href='https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-23654' target='_blank'>CVE-2022-23654</a> - Path prediction leading to RCE",
"<a href='https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-1681' target='_blank'>CVE-2022-1681</a> - Authentication bypass vulnerability",
"GraphQL API enumeration via /graphql endpoint",
"JWT token manipulation and signature bypass",
"Check for exposed GraphQL playground at /graphql",
"Authentication bypass via API direct access",
"File upload vulnerabilities in asset management",
"Server-side template injection in Markdown renderer",
"Authorization bypass via GraphQL mutations"
],
defaultCreds: "admin@example.com:admin123456"
}
]
},
{
category: "Dev & Project Management",
icon: "",
description: "Project tracking and management tools containing sprint info, user stories, and often credentials in tickets.",
tools: [
{
name: "Jira",
description: "Atlassian's issue tracking and project management. Gold mine for credentials, API keys, and internal info.",
defaultPort: "8080, 443",
attackVectors: [
"Search for 'password', 'credentials', 'token', 'api key' in tickets",
"<a href='https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-22501' target='_blank'>CVE-2023-22501</a> (CVSS 9.4) - Authentication bypass in Jira Service Management",
"<a href='https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-22523' target='_blank'>CVE-2023-22523</a> - RCE in Assets Discovery agent",
"<a href='https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-8451' target='_blank'>CVE-2019-8451</a> - SSRF in Gadgets Servlet",
"<a href='https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-8449' target='_blank'>CVE-2019-8449</a> - User enumeration via GroupUserPicker API",
"Template injection RCE at /secure/ContactAdministrators!default.jspa",
"Dashboard/filter permission misconfiguration - check for public visibility",
"User enumeration via /secure/ViewUserHover.jspa",
"Information disclosure via /secure/Dashboard.jspa",
"User picker disclosure at /secure/popups/UserPickerBrowser.jspa",
"Public filters at /secure/ManageFilters.jspa?filterView=popular",
"Extract attachments with secrets",
"JQL injection for data extraction",
"SSRF in OAuth plugin and Mobile Plugin"
],
defaultCreds: "admin:admin"
},
{
name: "Trello",
description: "Kanban-style project management. Often has public boards with sensitive info.",
defaultPort: "SaaS",
accessUrl: "trello.com/b/{boardId}, trello.com/{username}",
attackVectors: [
"2024 API breach - Unsecured REST API exposed 15M users",
"Unauthenticated API enumeration - board discovery via email",
"XSS vulnerability (OBB-593048) in trello.com",
"Improper access control (OBB-632913)",
"Enumerate public boards via company name using Google dorking",
"API key extraction from browser/mobile apps",
"OAuth token theft",
"Public board information disclosure - check board visibility settings",
"Search for credentials in card descriptions and attachments",
"Webhook manipulation for data exfiltration",
"API abuse for user email to username association"
],
defaultCreds: "N/A (SaaS - OAuth)"
},
{
name: "Redmine",
description: "Open-source project management. Can contain sensitive project data.",
defaultPort: "80, 443, 3000",
attackVectors: [
"<a href='https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-47259' target='_blank'>CVE-2023-47259</a>, <a href='https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-47260' target='_blank'>CVE-2023-47260</a>, <a href='https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-47258' target='_blank'>CVE-2023-47258</a> - XSS vulnerabilities",
"<a href='https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-44637' target='_blank'>CVE-2022-44637</a> - Persistent XSS in Textile formatter",
"<a href='https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-44030' target='_blank'>CVE-2022-44030</a> - File download permission bypass (any Issue/Wiki attachment)",
"<a href='https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-18890' target='_blank'>CVE-2019-18890</a> - SQL injection in older versions (pre-3.3.10)",
"File upload bypass - circumvent allowed filename extensions",
"XSS via thumbnails, Textile formatter, and Markdown formatter",
"Default credentials on fresh installs",
"API key enumeration via /users.json",
"Repository browser for code access without auth",
"Insufficient permission checks on attachments"
],
defaultCreds: "admin:admin"
}
]
},
{
category: "Source Code Management (SCM)",
icon: "",
description: "Version control systems - the crown jewels. Source code, commit history, and often hardcoded secrets.",
tools: [
{
name: "Git",
description: "Distributed version control. Exposed .git directories are a goldmine.",
defaultPort: "80, 443 (exposed .git)",
attackVectors: [
"Exposed .git directories (/.git/) - check for 403 vs 404",
"git-dumper for recursive .git extraction (10x faster than original)",
"GitHacker - complete repo restoration including stash and tags",
"Search commit history for secrets (git log -p)",